E whakaaro ana te katoa kua horapa te hanga me te kai o ngā nūru me ngā nūru inamata ki te tonga-mā-rāwhiti me te raki-mā-uru o te whenua, engari ko te hanga me te hoko o ngā nūru raihi me ngā nūru raihi inamata ki te Tai Hauāuru me te Tai Rāwhiti kei te tīmatanga tonu.
He aha te mea e aukati ana i te whanaketanga o ngā raihi nūru, inā koa ko ngā raihi inamata?
Me kōrero tātou mō ngā āhuatanga e rima o te hanga raihi nūru inamata:
1. Ngā taputapu whakaputa;
2. Te tukanga hanga;
3. Te tukanga whakaputa;
4. Te tukanga whakahoromata;
5. Te tukanga ārai-pakeketanga.
E toru ngā momo raihi tere e wehea ana:
1. Paura paraharaha: ko te diameter o te paura he 0.7-1.2mm, ko te nui o te wai he 13.5-14.5%. E toru ngā tukanga e hangaia ai: te tunu, te koromamao me te paraoa angiangi, ā, e kitea ana te rerekētanga o te kounga.
2. Nūru raihi mākū hou: ko te whānui o te paura he 1.5-2.5mm, ko te nui o te wai he 66-70%. Ka puta mai i te tukanga tunu me te tukanga korohū, ā, e kitea ana te rerekētanga o te kounga.
3. Ngā raihi maroke-haurua, me ngā raihi mākū: ko te whānui o te paura he 1.2-2.2mm, ko te nui o te wai he 35-45%. Ka hangaia mā te tukanga tunu me te tukanga para. He mārama te rerekētanga o te kounga.
He rerekē te tukanga whakarite o ia momo raihi inamata, ā, he tino mārama ngā rerekētanga mahi o ngā taputapu whakaputa. Ko te nui o te aunoatanga o ngā taputapu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mōhiotanga hōhonu o ngā umanga hanga taputapu ki ngā tukanga whakaputa o ngā raihi inamata rerekē.
"Ka huri te rino hei mīhini mā te hangarau, ā, ka huri te rino hei mīhini ki te kore hangarau" he whakataukī rongonui e kī ana ko te hanga taputapu he tino whakawhirinaki ki te hangarau.
Kia tino rite ai te tangata, me mārama ia ki ngā mahi toi raihi, ā, me whai whakaaro nui hoki ia ki te waihanga mahi toi pai.
E rua ngā momo raina whakaputa: te hononga aunoatanga tahora tuku iho me te hononga aunoatanga tahora kauhanga hou.
Mā te hangarau whakapūkara me te kore whakapūkara, te hangarau penupenu me te huri, te hangarau korohū me te tunu kai, te hangarau whakatōtō pāmahana teitei me te hangarau whakatōtō pāmahana iti, te whakarite matū, te whakarite koiora me te hangarau whakauru whakahoromata tinana, te hangarau tunu pūngao hau wera me te pūngao hau, ka urutau katoa ngā tikanga whakaputa me ngā taputapu rerekē o Fangfang ki ngā hiahia whakaputa o ngā kiritaki rerekē, koinei te tono tuturu o ngā umanga raihi raihi o nāianei.
I runga i te tuku iho i ngā āhuatanga o te tukanga hanga raihi tuku iho, mā te tukanga hou me ngā āhuatanga miihini o te raina whakaputa ka māmā ake te hanga raihi, ka pumau ake te kounga, ka pai ake te taiao whakaputa, ka iti ake te kaha o te mahi, ka pai ake te utu whakaputa me te piki ake o ngā painga ōhanga, ka ngāwari ake te reka me te maeneene. Ko te whakakapi i ngā mīhini whakaputa tuku iho tawhito, ā-ringa me te ā-ringa, ki ngā taputapu aunoa me te atamai pai rawa atu o ngā momo kāwai rerekē, me te mahi tahi me ngā umanga whakaputa raihi ki te whakahaere i te whakatakotoranga whānui, te whakapai ake me te whakapai ake i te hangarau me ngā taputapu whakaputa raihi. Ko te tumanako o nāianei o ngā umanga raihi he wāhi hei tumanako atu.
Hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia whanaketanga o te umanga raihi nūru, kua roa te tīma kamupene e mahi ana i te maha o ngā rangahau, te ako, me te mahi. Mā te whakakotahi i ōna ake wheako ki te hanga raihi nūru mō ngā tau neke atu i te 30, kua manatokohia e rātou ngā tikanga hanga o ngā momo raihi nūru tuku iho puta noa i te motu. He rerekē ki te ao tūturu, he tango i te tawhito hei whakaputa i te mea hou, he whakauru ki roto i te hinu wheua o ngā taputapu hanga me te hangarau hanga raihi nūru pakari, he ārahi i te rangahau me te whakawhanake i ngā taputapu me ngā tawhā tukanga hanga raihi nūru paerewa, he hanga i ngā momo raina hanga raihi nūru aunoa me te mohio, ā, i angitu te whakatutuki i te raihi nūru maroke me te makuku tika me te haurua, te raihi nūru hou me te makuku tika, te pereti hanga watea, te raihi nūru maroke-haurua me te makuku poraka, te raihi nūru hou me te makuku poraka, e rima ngā momo raihi nūru. Ngā taputapu hanga mai i te raro o te raihi ki te takai hua kua oti Ngā mahi hanga aunoa me te mohio.
Ko ngā taputapu tētahi o ngā wāhanga e rima o te hanga raihi tere. Me pēhea te whakauru i ngā mahi toi tuku iho kanapa o te umanga raihi me ngā wāhanga hangarau e āwhina ana i te hanga raihi ki roto i ngā taputapu aunoa me te atamai, me te whakarato i ngā taputapu me ngā ratonga mahi toi rerekē, he raruraru whakamātautau tuturu tonu mō te hanga taputapu.
E mōhio ana tātou he ahumahi tuku iho te umanga raihi mīti, neke atu i te 95% te nui o ngā pakihi iti me te rahi. He ahumahi kāore he paerewa ā-motu, ā-umanga rānei mō ngā kaupapa hangarau matua e rima, arā, ngā taputapu, te ranu, te hangarau, te whakahoromata, me te ārai-pakeketanga. He umanga. He ahumahi porowhita kati, kāore he akoranga, kāore he rangahau taketake, kāore he tīma taranata, ā, kāore he hiahia ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. He tino koretake te taumata hangarau o ngā umanga, ā, he tino hiahia nui te hiahia o ngā umanga mō ngā taputapu aunoa raihi mīti inamata me ngā tukanga matua e whā.
I roto i ā mātou mahi rangahau me te whanaketanga i ngā tau tata nei, kua hangaia e mātou he tauira hinonga-kura-rangahau-hinonga mā te whakawhitiwhiti me te ako me ngā tini kaihanga raihi matua me ngā āhuatanga ā-rohe, ka hangaia he tūāpapa ahumahi-whare wānanga-rangahau me Te Whare Wānanga o Jiangnan, me Te Whare Wānanga o Jiangnan. Ko te tūāpapa pokapū rangahau hangarau matomato hua raihi o Xiangtan Jubao Jinhao Biology e ahu mai ana i te rangahau me te hanga i te aunoatanga paraoa raihi me ngā taputapu atamai, te rangahau me te hanga paraoa raihi motuhake, me te ratonga rangahau tukanga taketake o te paraoa raihi. E pai ana mātou ki te whakatapua i ngā hua rangahau pūtaiao me ngā tekau tau o te wheako hanga raihi ki ā mātou kiritaki hei wāhanga o tā mātou ratonga taputapu raihi.
Kei roto i ā mātou mahi hanga atamai me ngā ratonga ā muri ake nei ko ēnei e whai ake nei:
1. Te whakangungu tukanga whakaputa i mua i te whānautanga me muri i te whānautanga;
2. Ratonga tukanga whakatakotoranga me te ratonga whakangungu rangahau kaihoko;
3. Ngā ratonga tukanga whakahoromata me te hanga me ngā ratonga rangahau me te whakawhanake;
4. Ngā ratonga tukanga me te hanga ārai-pakeketanga;
5. Ratonga whakangungu whakahaere whakamātautau whakaputa;
6. Ratonga aratohu whakahaere raina whakaputa i runga i te papaanga;
7. Ngā ratonga whakapai ake i ngā taputapu me ngā hangarau;
8. Ngā ratonga whakaritenga me te whakarerekētanga whaiaro o ngā taputapu me ngā mahi toi;
9. Raina whakaputa me te ratonga tukatuka i muri i te hoko;
10. Ratonga kaupapa whakauru.
Hei painga mō ngā kaiwhakamahi, hei waihanga uara mō rātou, hei mahi mā te umanga raihi nūru, hei hanga raihi nūru pai, me te hanga raihi nūru matomato, koinei tā mātou whāinga tuatahi i whakatū ai i a Haitejia.
E mōhio pū ana mātou ko te aranga ake me te hinganga o ngā taputapu hanga atamai e whakawhirinaki ana ki ā mātou ratonga a meake nei.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-08-2022